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[Dr. N. Subramanian]

Dear Prashant,

In addition to the comments made by Sachin, I wish to state that many failures have occured in Flat plates, especially in earthquake prone areas. Hence one should be very careful in designing and detailing flat slabs in EQ prone areas- it will be better to avoid them in these places. Special reinforcements are necessary in order to avoid punching shear failures. You may refer my paper Evaluation and enhancing the punching shear resistance of flat slabs using HSC in  the April 2005 issue of ICJ for more details and more references.

With best wishes
Subramanian .
Dear Prashant,

The enlarged portion of coloumn is called capital of the coloumn and
yes it
has reinforcement in the conical shape without which there is no
meaning to
the coloumn capital.
This is done do resist the punching shear caused due to small portion
of
colomn on the slab (reaction).

As far as double reinforcement in the slab is concerned it is to be
calculated in the design.

Hope this solves your queries.

Regards,

Sachin Kulkarni
98500-79070.

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